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Optically Controlled Supercapacitors: Functional Active Carbon Electrodes with Semiconductor Particles.

Haim Grebel1

  • 1The Center for Energy Efficiency, Resilience and Innovation (CEERI), The Electronic Imaging Center (EIC), The New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ 07102, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supercapacitors with semiconductor-embedded active carbon electrodes show increased capacitance when illuminated. This optical effect, potentially due to an optically induced dipole, enhances energy storage in these advanced capacitor devices.

Keywords:
energy storagefunctionalized active carbon materialsnanooptical effects in supercapacitorsthermal effects

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Supercapacitors utilize the electrode-electrolyte interface for high capacitance, suitable for short-term energy storage.
  • Active carbon (A-C) electrodes, while appearing black, exhibit specific optical absorption bands in the near-infrared and blue spectra.
  • Semiconductor particles like silicon carbide (SiC) can be embedded in A-C to modify optical and electrical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the optical and thermal effects of sub-μm SiC particles embedded in A-C electrodes on supercapacitor performance.
  • To quantify the capacitance increase attributed to optical illumination and thermal effects.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms, including potential optically induced dipole effects.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of supercapacitor cells with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes coated with semiconductor-embedded A-C layers.
  • Charge-Discharge (CD) experiments to measure capacitance changes under illumination.
  • Analysis of optical absorption spectra of A-C and semiconductor materials.
  • Thermal measurements to quantify temperature-dependent capacitance changes.

Main Results:

  • Illuminated supercapacitors with SiC-embedded A-C electrodes showed a relative capacitance increase of up to ~34% (68% considering illuminated area).
  • A significant portion of capacitance change was linked to optical effects, with thermal effects contributing less than 20% for SiC.
  • Replacing SiC with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots resulted in a larger thermal effect (35%) compared to the optical effect (10%).

Conclusions:

  • Optical illumination can significantly enhance supercapacitor performance, primarily through an optically induced dipole effect.
  • SiC nanoparticles offer a promising route to improve optically responsive supercapacitors with reduced susceptibility to oxidation compared to other semiconductors.
  • The study provides insights into optimizing optoelectronic supercapacitors by understanding the interplay of optical absorption, charge displacement, and thermal effects.