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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell aAPC Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
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MAIT cells regulate NK cell-mediated tumor immunity.

Emma V Petley1,2, Hui-Fern Koay3,4, Melissa A Henderson1,2

  • 1Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Nature Communications
|August 7, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The role of MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in anti-tumor immunity remains poorly understood.
  • Existing research has not clarified the specific functions of MAIT cells within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Investigating MAIT cell involvement is crucial for understanding immune responses to cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function of MAIT cells in tumor immunity.
  • To investigate the interplay between MAIT cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells in the context of cancer.
  • To explore the potential of MAIT cell modulation as a therapeutic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of tumor growth in MAIT cell-deficient versus control mice.
  • Examination of MAIT cell gene expression signatures in human tumor samples.
  • In vivo and in vitro experiments involving MAIT cell antigen pulsing and activation.
  • Assessment of NK cell responses, including cytokine production and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • MAIT cell deficiency led to enhanced NK cell-dependent control of metastatic tumor growth in mice.
  • A high MAIT cell gene signature in human tumors correlated with diminished prognostic value of NK cells.
  • MAIT cell activation, either by antigen pulsing or in vivo, boosted anti-tumor immunity and NK cell function.
  • Activated human MAIT cells enhanced the function of NK cells from cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • MAIT cells exhibit an activation-dependent regulatory role over NK cells in anti-tumor immunity.
  • MAIT cell modulation presents a potential therapeutic avenue for enhancing cancer treatment.
  • Targeting MAIT cell-NK cell interactions could improve immunotherapies.