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Are cell jamming and unjamming essential in tissue development?

Lior Atia1, Jeffrey J Fredberg2, Nir S Gov3

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Cellular tissues transition between jammed (solid-like) and unjammed (fluid-like) states. This study hypothesizes these transitions are crucial for developmental dynamics and tissue stability, not just passive events.

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FluidityJammingMigrationPhase transitionPlasticity percolationRemodelingRigidityUnjamming

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Multicellular tissues exhibit transitions between jammed (solid-like) and unjammed (fluid-like) material phases.
  • The jammed phase is linked to tissue homeostasis and mechanical stability, while the unjammed phase facilitates dynamic processes like embryogenesis.
  • The analogy to granular materials is limited, and the biological significance of cellular jamming transitions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether cellular jamming and unjamming transitions are epiphenomena or play active roles in multicellular processes.
  • To propose a hypothesis on the functional significance of these transitions in developmental biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of selected examples from developmental biology.
  • Hypothesis formulation based on existing evidence and biological principles.

Main Results:

  • The study suggests that cellular jamming and unjamming transitions are not mere epiphenomena.
  • A graded departure from the jammed phase allows for controlled malleability essential for developmental dynamics.
  • A coordinated approach to the jammed phase promotes mechanical stability in mature tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular jamming and unjamming transitions are hypothesized to be critical regulators of multicellular dynamics.
  • These transitions enable both the plasticity required for development and the stability needed for homeostasis.