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Spatial waves and temporal oscillations in vertebrate limb development.

Stuart A Newman1, Ramray Bhat2, Tilmann Glimm3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.

Bio Systems
|August 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing vertebrate limb buds exhibit spatial and temporal patterns crucial for skeletal development. Galectin interactions and Hes1 oscillations coordinate cell behavior, refining skeletal patterning through reaction-diffusion dynamics.

Keywords:
GalectinLimb skeletogenesisLyapunov functionMorphogenetic fieldReaction-diffusion

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The vertebrate limb bud mesenchyme is an excitable medium exhibiting spatial and temporal periodic phenomena.
  • Spatial patterns arise from Turing-type reaction-diffusion dynamics, forming cell condensations that develop into the endoskeleton.
  • Temporal periodicity originates from intracellular gene expression oscillations modulating spatial patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental evidence and computational models of limb bud development.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial wave formation and temporal oscillations.
  • To understand how these phenomena coordinate to refine skeletal patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data from chicken embryos.
  • Interpretation using mathematical and computational models.
  • Analysis of reaction-diffusion dynamics and gene expression oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Spatial wave formation involves galectin-1A and galectin-8 interacting with mesenchymal cells.
  • Temporal oscillations occur in the expression of the transcriptional coregulator Hes1.
  • Multicellular synchronization of Hes1 oscillations globally coordinates cell states and refines spatial patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The limb bud's pattern-forming system combines reaction-diffusion dynamics with cell-matrix adhesion.
  • The system lacks an intrinsic oscillatory core, potentially an evolved feature.
  • Hes1 oscillations synchronize cellular states, enhancing the precision of skeletal development.