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Investigation of two-way fluid-structure interaction of blood flow in a patient-specific left coronary artery
Abdulgaphur Athani1, Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali1, Irfan Anjum Badruddin2,3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Insights
Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis reveals stenosis significantly impacts blood flow dynamics in coronary arteries. FSI models provide more accurate hemodynamic parameters than rigid models, crucial for cardiac disease treatment decisions.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Computational Fluid Dynamics
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Blood flow in human arteries is critical for cardiovascular health.
- Hemodynamic studies inform cardiac disease treatment decisions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To perform a two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of blood flow.
- To investigate the impact of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters.
Main Methods:
- A patient-specific 3D left coronary artery model was created from CT images.
- Non-Newtonian blood flow and elastic artery properties were modeled.
- A two-way coupled FSI approach analyzed pressure, velocity, and wall shear stress.
Main Results:
- Stenosis causes a pressure drop and recirculation zone.
- Stenosis significantly increases wall shear stress.
- FSI models show lower wall shear stress and velocity compared to rigid CFD models.
Conclusions:
- FSI analysis is essential for accurate hemodynamic assessment in stenotic arteries.
- Rigid wall models can overestimate critical hemodynamic parameters.
- Accurate FSI modeling aids in better treatment strategies for cardiac conditions.
Background:
The blood flow in the human artery has been a subject of sincere interest due to its prime importance linked with human health. The hemodynamic study has revealed an essential aspect of blood flow that eventually proved to be paramount to make a correct decision to treat patients suffering from cardiac disease.
Objective:
The current study aims to elucidate the two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of the blood flow and the effect of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters.
Methods:
A patient-specific 3D model of the left coronary artery was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) images. The blood is assumed to be incompressible, homogenous, and behaves as Non-Newtonian, while the artery is considered as a nonlinear elastic, anisotropic, and incompressible material. Pulsatile flow conditions were applied at the boundary. Two-way coupled FSI modeling approach was used between fluid and solid domain. The hemodynamic parameters such as the pressure, velocity streamline, and wall shear stress were analyzed in the fluid domain and the solid domain deformation.
Results:
The simulated results reveal that pressure drop exists in the vicinity of stenosis and a recirculation region after the stenosis. It was noted that stenosis leads to high wall stress. The results also demonstrate an overestimation of wall shear stress and velocity in the rigid wall CFD model compared to the FSI model.
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