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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Liver Physiology01:30

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Updated: Oct 25, 2025

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Dysregulated liver function in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Current understanding and perspectives.

Yi-Ke Huang1, Yu-Jia Li1, Bin Li2

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World Journal of Gastroenterology
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause liver injury in about half of patients. This review explores clinical signs and potential causes of liver dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to widespread global health concerns.
  • Liver enzyme abnormalities are frequently observed in SARS-CoV-2 patients, suggesting potential liver injury.
  • The exact cause of liver injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear, with debates on direct viral effects versus systemic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations of liver dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying liver injury in the context of COVID-19.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers regarding SARS-CoV-2 and liver health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and case reports on SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury.
  • Analysis of reported liver enzyme abnormalities and their correlation with disease severity.
  • Exploration of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, including direct viral hepatotropism and immune-mediated damage.

Main Results:

  • Liver enzyme elevations (ALT, AST, bilirubin) are common findings in COVID-19 patients.
  • The observed liver injury is often mild and transient, but can be severe in critical cases.
  • Evidence suggests both direct viral effects and indirect inflammatory responses contribute to liver damage.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with significant, though often reversible, liver injury.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of liver dysfunction is crucial for managing COVID-19 patients.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and hepatic health.