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Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice
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Adaptive Empathy: Empathic Response Selection as a Dynamic, Feedback-Based Learning Process.

Elena Kozakevich Arbel1, Simone G Shamay-Tsoory1,2, Uri Hertz2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|August 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People can learn to adapt their empathic responses based on feedback. This study introduces adaptive empathy, showing improved accuracy in social learning compared to non-social conditions.

Keywords:
cognitive empathydecision-makingempathylearningonline simulationrewardsocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Empathy involves responding to others' emotions, but traditional assessments focus on isolated reactions.
  • Empathic interactions can be dynamic, suggesting a role for learning mechanisms in adapting responses.
  • Adaptive empathy, the ability to learn and adjust empathic responses based on feedback, is not well-studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate adaptive empathy, defined as learning and adjusting empathic responses using feedback.
  • To develop a novel laboratory paradigm for studying adaptive empathy.
  • To explore the relationship between adaptive empathy and cognitive empathy.

Main Methods:

  • Designed an associative learning paradigm where participants chose between reappraisal or distraction strategies to alleviate distress.
  • Provided participants with feedback on the success of their chosen strategy after each trial.
  • Assessed participants' choices and correlated them with trait measures of cognitive empathy.

Main Results:

  • Participants demonstrated more accurate strategy choices in the adaptive empathy condition compared to a non-social control.
  • Learning from social feedback provided an advantage in adapting empathic responses.
  • A positive correlation was found between adaptive empathy and cognitive empathy trait measures.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive empathy, the ability to learn from feedback, is crucial for dynamic empathic interactions.
  • Mentalizing abilities may enhance the learning of effective empathic strategies.
  • This study provides a model for investigating adaptive empathy and its link to learning theory.