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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
362
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

284
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
284
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

701
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
701
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

332
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
332
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

544
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
544
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

201
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Primary Esophageal Tuberculosis With Dysphagia.

Mukesh S Paudel1, Sandesh R Parajuli2, Bidisha Baral3

  • 1Gastroenterology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, NPL.

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|August 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal tuberculosis, a rare manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, can cause dysphagia. Empirical antitubercular therapy effectively treated this rare gastrointestinal condition.

Keywords:
caseous necrosisdysphagiaendoscopyesophageal tuberculosisgranulomas

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) commonly affects the lungs but can impact any organ system.
  • Gastrointestinal TB is infrequent, with esophageal involvement being exceptionally rare.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of TB.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old male presented with dysphagia, a symptom of potential esophageal obstruction.
  • Endoscopy revealed an esophageal ulcer with granulomas and caseous necrosis on biopsy.
  • Imaging studies did not show additional TB lesions.

Findings:

  • The patient received empirical antitubercular therapy due to the high prevalence of TB in his region.
  • Dysphagia resolved within two weeks of treatment initiation.
  • Complete healing of the esophageal ulcer was confirmed at six months.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering esophageal TB in patients with dysphagia, especially in endemic areas.
  • Early diagnosis and empirical treatment can lead to favorable outcomes.
  • Further research into rare presentations of TB is warranted.