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Neural Circuits

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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

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Optimization of Stimulation Parameters for Targeted Activation of Multiple Neurons Using Closed-Loop Search Methods.

Michelle L Kuykendal^1,2,3, Stephen P DeWeerth^1,2,3, Martha A Grover⁴

¹School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

Processes (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 9, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to precisely activate specific neuron groups using optimized electrical stimulation. This technique enhances the precision of neural prosthetics for more realistic sensory experiences.

Keywords:

Powell closed-loop dissociated culture extracellular electrical stimulation feedback micro-electrode array (MEA)optimization

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Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Differential activation of neuronal populations is key to improving clinical devices like sensory or cortical prostheses.
Enhancing stimulus specificity is crucial for targeted neuronal activation and biologically realistic percepts.
Activating neuronal subpopulations with a single electrode requires advanced stimulus optimization techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and implement an optimization-based search routine for identifying selective stimulus waveforms.
To systematically search the stimulus waveform space for targeted neuronal activation.
To characterize stimulus-evoked neuronal populations and their associated selective stimulus waveform spaces.

Main Methods:

Applied Powell's conjugate direction method, an optimization routine, to search stimulus waveform space.
Utilized a 1-D sigmoid activation model and a 2-D strength-duration curve to measure neuronal activation.
Implemented the search routine in both experimental and simulation studies.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the ability to activate distinct sub-populations within a larger neuronal group (e.g., 7 sub-populations from 5 neurons).
Characterized unique stimulus waveform spaces and neuronal activation curves for different neuronal culture and electrode array combinations.
Identified specific "selectivity spaces" for targeted neuronal activation.

Conclusions:

The presented optimization method efficiently uncovers neuronal selectivity spaces.
This approach allows for focused experimental investigation of desired neuronal activation patterns.
The findings support the development of more precise and effective neural prosthetics.