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Galvanometer

Galvanometer

Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform...

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Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

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Dynamic distortion in resonant galvanometric optical scanners.

Vyas Akondi¹, Bartlomiej Kowalski¹, Stephen A Burns²

¹Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA.

|August 9, 2021

Summary

High-speed optical scanners used in biomedical imaging suffer from dynamic mirror distortion, reducing image quality. This distortion, caused by torque variations, can be corrected computationally or optically.

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Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

High-speed optical systems are crucial for advancements in biomedical imaging (microscopy, DNA sequencing, flow cytometry) and other technologies (data storage, autonomous vehicles).
Resonant galvanometric optical scanners are commonly employed to achieve the high speeds required by these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of dynamic mirror distortion on the optical performance of resonant galvanometric optical scanners.
To quantify the degradation in imaging quality caused by these distortions.

Main Methods:

Analysis of dynamic mirror distortion in resonant galvanometric optical scanners under varying angular displacement.
Measurement of signal-to-noise ratio (Strehl ratio) and transverse resolution across the field of view.

Main Results:

Dynamic mirror distortion significantly degrades optical performance, causing variations in Strehl ratio by an order of magnitude.
Transverse resolution can be reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to these distortions.
The observed distortions are repeatable, suggesting potential for correction.

Conclusions:

Dynamic mirror distortion is a critical limitation in current resonant galvanometric optical scanners.
Mitigation strategies include using stiffer materials (e.g., beryllium, silicon carbide) or implementing computational and optical correction methods.
Further research into corrective techniques is warranted to improve high-speed optical system performance.