Biophotoelectrochemistry for renewable energy and environmental applications

Biophotoelectrochemistry (BPEC) is an interdisciplinary research field and combines bioelectrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry through the utilization of the catalytic abilities of biomachineries and light harvesters to accomplish the production of energy or chemicals driven by solar energy. The BPEC process may act as a new approach for sustainable green chemistry and waste minimization. This review provides the state-of-the-art introduction of BPEC basics and systems, with a focus on light harvesters and biocatalysts, configurations, photoelectron transfer mechanisms, and the potential applications in energy and environment. Several examples of BPEC applications are discussed including H₂ production, CO₂ reduction, chemical synthesis, pollution control, and biogeochemical cycle of elements. The challenges about BPEC systems are identified and potential solutions are proposed. The review aims to encourage further research of BPEC toward development of practical BPEC systems for energy and environmental applications.