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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called collision-induced...
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Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkene Fragmentation00:54

Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkene Fragmentation

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The molecular ions of cycloalkenes undergo fragmentation via a retro-Diels–Alder reaction.
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Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation01:05

Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation

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In mass spectrometry, cycloalkanes exhibit distinct fragmentation patterns due to the inherent stability of their molecular ions compared to linear or branched alkanes. The ring structure of cycloalkanes provides additional stability to the molecular ions, often resulting in prominent ion peaks in the mass spectrum.
For example, cyclohexane molecular ions have a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 84, which tends to produce a stronger signal than linear alkanes like hexane. This stability comes from...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Mass Cytometry: Protocol for Daily Tuning and Running Cell Samples on a CyTOF Mass Cytometer
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The Long Neglected Cycloidal Mass Analyzer.

Elettra L Piacentino1, Rafael Bento Serpa1, Kathleen L Horvath1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|August 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cycloidal mass analyzer offers perfect ion focusing but was neglected due to detector limitations. New array detectors now enable advanced applications, potentially reviving this analytical technique.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Instrument Development

Background:

  • The cycloidal mass analyzer, described in 1938, offers unique "perfect" ion focusing capabilities.
  • Despite its theoretical advantages, cycloidal mass analyzers have been largely overlooked in modern chemical analysis.
  • This neglect is primarily attributed to the historical lack of suitable ion detection technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underutilized properties of the cycloidal mass analyzer.
  • To identify key factors hindering its widespread adoption in analytical chemistry.
  • To highlight recent advancements enabling its resurgence in modern analytical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and recent literature on cycloidal mass analyzer design and application.
  • Analysis of the impact of detector technology on mass spectrometry performance.
  • Exploration of novel analytical techniques enabled by modern ion array detectors.

Main Results:

  • The lack of sensitive and spatially resolved ion array detectors was a major barrier to cycloidal mass analyzer utilization.
  • Recent developments in capacitive transimpedance amplifier array detectors overcome previous limitations.
  • These new detectors facilitate advanced techniques like spatially coded apertures and single particle mass analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Cycloidal mass analyzers possess significant potential for high-performance chemical analysis.
  • The advent of advanced ion array detectors is crucial for realizing this potential.
  • These instruments are poised to gain prominence in modern analytical chemistry, particularly for specialized applications.