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Substance Use and Its Impact on Athlete Health and Performance.

Todd Stull1, Eric Morse2, David R McDuff3

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Summary

Athletes face pressure to enhance performance using evolving substances like anabolic agents and peptides. This review covers various doping agents and their impact on athlete health and sports performance.

Keywords:
AlcoholAnabolicCannabisDopingOpioidsPerformance enhancingStimulants

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Pharmacology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Athletes continually seek performance enhancement through various means.
  • The landscape of performance-enhancing substances is constantly evolving.
  • Methods to manipulate gene expression for athletic advantage are emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of performance-enhancing substances in sports.
  • To examine the effects of various doping agents on athlete health and performance.
  • To discuss the role of the Athlete Biological Passport in doping detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of alcohol, anabolic agents, stimulants, opioids, and cannabis.
  • Analysis of the impact of these substances on physiological parameters.
  • Discussion of emerging methods like gene expression modification.

Main Results:

  • Anabolic agents, peptides, and other modulators are increasingly sophisticated.
  • Gene expression modification represents a new frontier in doping.
  • The Athlete Biological Passport is a key tool for monitoring and detection.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the evolving nature of doping is crucial for sports integrity.
  • Comprehensive monitoring is necessary to address the health and performance impacts of banned substances.
  • Continued research is vital for effective anti-doping strategies.