Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

1.9K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
1.9K
Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

36.5K
Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
36.5K
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

34.1K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
34.1K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

2.0K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
2.0K
Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles01:27

Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

3.3K
The primary role of cardiac muscles is to propel blood throughout the cardiovascular system. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, exhibit specialized characteristics that allow them to perform this function.
Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than skeletal muscles, averaging 10–20 mm in diameter and 50–100 mm in length. However, they have large energy demands for continuous contraction and relaxation. This energy is almost exclusively derived from aerobic metabolism of energy...
3.3K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

1.5K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Visualizing youth sports specialization and injury risk: A novel application of swimmer plots.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Rotation matters: CT and MRI yield different tibiofemoral rotation angles in patellofemoral patients. An investigational plateau-anchored MRI method is descriptively associated with a smaller mean CT-MRI difference.

Journal of experimental orthopaedics·2026
Same author

From Public Health to Player Health: Introducing the Disability-Adjusted Sporting Year (DASY) Metric for Measuring Injury and Illness Burden in Sport.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)·2026
Same author

Treatment of high-energy lower extremity trauma is explained by the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification.

OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma·2026
Same author

A comparative analysis of the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool (SMHAT-1) between paediatric and adult Olympic and Paralympic athletes.

BMJ open sport & exercise medicine·2026
Same author

Time-Dependent Limb Assessment of High-Energy Lower Extremity Trauma Improves Prediction of Amputation: A Secondary Analysis of the OUTLET Study.

JB & JS open access·2025
Same journal

Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes at a Mean of 7 Years Following Primary Transfibular Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Younger and Older Patients.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Stacked-Cone Constructs for Extensive Tibial and/or Femoral Bone Loss in Complex Primary and Revision TKA: A Multicenter Analysis of 84 Cases.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Shaping Modern Practice in South Korea: A Centennial Review of Orthopaedics at Severance Hospital and Yonsei University College of Medicine.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Heading Toward a Different Future: The Microbiome, Dysbiosis, Microbial Translocation, and Beyond.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Alarmingly High Rates of Complications and Refracture Among Patients with Early Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture Within 30 Days After THA.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Minimal and Substantial Improvement Thresholds for Oxford Scores Following Primary Hip and Knee Replacement Based on Patient Satisfaction.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
10:08

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

630

Early Sport Specialization.

Julie Agel1, Eric Post2

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|August 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early sport specialization, defined as intensive year-round play in one sport, may increase injury and burnout risk in young athletes. More research is needed to confirm this link and understand its impact on athletic participation.

More Related Videos

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

8.2K
A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
10:08

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

630
An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

8.2K
A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Pediatric Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Early sport specialization is a growing trend in youth athletics.
  • It involves intensive, year-round participation in a single sport.
  • Lack of varied physical activity is a key characteristic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between early sport specialization and health outcomes in young athletes.
  • To identify potential links between early sport specialization and musculoskeletal injury or burnout.
  • To highlight the need for methodologically sound prospective research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on early sport specialization.
  • Identification of gaps in long-term outcome studies.
  • Emphasis on the need for prospective research designs.

Main Results:

  • Limited comprehensive long-term studies exist on early sport specialization.
  • A potential link between early sport specialization and negative outcomes like injury and burnout is suggested.
  • Current research lacks definitive conclusions due to methodological limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Further prospective research is required to establish causality.
  • Investigating chronologic age and years of participation is crucial.
  • Understanding the impact of early sport specialization on athletic success and injury is a key research priority.