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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
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Conduct Disorder01:28

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Connectome-wide Functional Connectivity Abnormalities in Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms.

Aaron F Alexander-Bloch1, Rahul Sood2, Russell T Shinohara3

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|August 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adolescent obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS) shows distinct brain connectome differences. These findings suggest OCS may serve as an early indicator of psychiatric risk in adolescents.

Keywords:
Developmental neuroimagingFunctional connectivityImaging statisticsNetworksObsessive-compulsive symptomsfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS) is prevalent in adolescents, often below diagnostic thresholds for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • Subthreshold OCS and diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder are linked to higher risks of depression and suicidal ideation.
  • Limited research exists on the neurobiology of adolescent OCS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of OCS in a large adolescent sample.
  • To explore functional connectivity differences associated with OCS using brain imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 832 adolescents from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.
  • Employed complementary analytical approaches to examine functional connectivity at various neuroanatomical scales, from functional systems to the entire connectome.
  • Included analyses of cerebral perfusion and structural imaging.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant connectome-wide differences related to OCS.
  • Observed specific abnormalities in functional systems, including attention (dorsal and ventral), frontoparietal, and default mode networks.
  • Found no significant OCS-related differences in cerebral perfusion or structural imaging, indicating domain specificity to functional connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The identified brain connectomic associations provide insights into the neurobiology of adolescent OCS.
  • Findings support the potential of OCS as an early marker for psychiatric risk.
  • This research may enhance understanding of the mechanisms driving adolescent psychopathology onset.