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Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
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Dynamic lung behavior under high G acceleration monitored with electrical impedance tomography.

Tobias Menden1, Gema B Alcaín1, Alec T Stevenson2

  • 1Medical Information Technology (MedIT), Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.

Physiological Measurement
|August 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

High G-acceleration during spaceflight impairs lung ventilation and gas exchange, causing hypoxemia. Electrical impedance tomography revealed dorsal lung emptying and ventral gas trapping, restricting oxygen intake.

Keywords:
EIThuman centrifugehypoxiasuborbital commercial spaceflighttidal breathingventilation shift

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Physiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Astronauts face high G-acceleration during spaceflight, potentially causing hypoxemia.
  • Lung ventilation and gas exchange are affected by gravitational forces.
  • Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can monitor lung air distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of high G-acceleration on lung ventilation and gas exchange.
  • To assess the utility of EIT in monitoring these changes during simulated spaceflight.
  • To understand the mechanisms of hypoxemia induced by G-forces.

Main Methods:

  • Ten participants were exposed to +2, +4, and +6 G (chest-to-back) in a long-arm centrifuge.
  • Participants were in a supine position during acceleration.
  • EIT was used to monitor dynamic changes in lung ventilation distribution.

Main Results:

  • Dorsal lung regions emptied faster than ventral regions.
  • Ventilation shifted from dorsal to ventral areas.
  • Alveolar pressure changes led to upper airway collapse and ventral gas trapping, restricting gas exchange.

Conclusions:

  • High G-acceleration significantly alters lung ventilation distribution.
  • Ventral gas trapping and restricted gas exchange were observed at +6 G.
  • Individual responses varied at +4 G, but effects were pronounced and similar at +6 G.