Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

461
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
461
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

568
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
568
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

519
The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
519
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

576
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
576
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

475
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
475
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

532
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
532

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expert perspectives on Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome - Insights from the 3<sup>rd</sup> International Conference of the Charité Fatigue Center.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026
Same author

Spacing of a TNF inhibitor or dose reduction of methotrexate vs continued treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission or low disease activity: a randomised, controlled trial (SORAIRO trial).

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2026
Same author

A multicenter, retrospective study in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab in a real-world setting in Japan: The REFIND study.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

Eomesodermin-expressing CD4 Th cells and association with multiple sclerosis progression and brain atrophy.

Brain communications·2025
Same author

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Satralizumab in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder From the SAkuraMoon Open-Label Extension Study.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2025
Same author

Safety and Effectiveness of Satralizumab in Japanese Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A 30‑Month Interim Analysis of Post‑marketing Surveillance.

Neurology and therapy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

30.5K

[Multiple Sclerosis and Gut Microbiome: Current Research and Perspective].

Takashi Yamamura1

  • 1Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|August 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to gut microbiome changes, specifically a reduction in beneficial short-chain fatty acids. Further research into the gut virome may reveal underlying mechanisms of these alterations.

More Related Videos

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
09:18

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.0K
Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

30.5K
A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
09:18

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.0K
Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder.
  • Alterations in the gut microbiota composition are increasingly recognized in MS patients.
  • Previous studies utilized 16S rRNA and whole metagenomic analysis to investigate these changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding of gut microbiome alterations in multiple sclerosis.
  • To highlight the role of metabolomic analysis in identifying key microbial metabolites.
  • To suggest future research directions, including the characterization of the gut virome.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic analysis (16S rRNA and whole genome sequencing).
  • Metabolomic analysis to profile microbial metabolites.
  • Review of existing literature on gut microbiome and MS.

Main Results:

  • Consistent evidence shows altered gut microbiota in individuals with MS.
  • A significant reduction in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is a hallmark of the MS intestinal environment.
  • Metabolomic data confirms the depletion of SCFAs.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is significantly altered in multiple sclerosis patients.
  • Reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids are a key characteristic of the MS gut.
  • Investigating the gut virome is a promising avenue to understand MS pathogenesis.