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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators
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Sound trapping in an open resonator.

Lujun Huang1, Yan Kei Chiang1, Sibo Huang2

  • 1School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Nature Communications
|August 11, 2021
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Summary

Researchers achieved high-quality factor acoustic resonances using bound states in the continuum within an open resonator. This breakthrough enhances acoustic devices for applications like sound lasers and high-resolution sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Wave Phenomena

Background:

  • High-quality factor (Q-factor) acoustic resonance is crucial for advanced acoustic devices, including those for biological ultrasonics, sound lasers, and sensitive detection.
  • Existing open acoustic resonators have demonstrated limited Q-factors, typically only several tens, hindering optimal device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically design and experimentally demonstrate acoustic bound states in the continuum (BICs) within a single open resonator.
  • To investigate the potential for realizing significantly enhanced Q-factors in acoustic modes.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of acoustic BICs in an open resonator structure.
  • Experimental fabrication and characterization of the proposed acoustic resonator.
  • Measurement of resonance quality factors to validate theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the existence of three types of acoustic BICs: symmetry-protected, Friedrich-Wintgen (mode interference-induced), and a novel mirror-symmetry-induced BIC.
  • Achieved experimental Q-factors up to one order of magnitude higher than previously reported for open acoustic resonators.
  • Validated the theoretical predictions for BIC formation and their impact on resonance enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic bound states in the continuum offer a viable pathway to achieve ultra-high Q-factor acoustic resonances in open systems.
  • The developed open acoustic resonator design significantly surpasses previous Q-factor limitations.
  • This work paves the way for developing next-generation acoustic devices with superior performance in sensing, imaging, and sound emission.