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A distinct negative leader propagation mode.

O Scholten1,2,3, B M Hare4, J Dwyer5

  • 1Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands. O.Scholten@rug.nl.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed a unique, high-power radio emission phase in negative lightning leaders using the LOFAR radio telescope. This phase, occurring early in lightning initiation, suggests lightning originates near small, dense pockets of electrical charge.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric physics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Radio astronomy

Background:

  • Lightning initiation and propagation mechanisms remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding electrical discharge in the atmosphere is crucial for weather and climate studies.
  • Charged leaders form conducting channels during lightning events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions and drivers of lightning initiation and leader propagation.
  • To characterize the radio emission properties of lightning leaders.
  • To identify potential origins of lightning discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the LOFAR (Low-Frequency Array) radio telescope for high-resolution radio observations.
  • Analyzed Very High Frequency (VHF) radio power emitted by lightning leaders.
  • Mapped approximately 25 lightning flashes to observe leader behavior.

Main Results:

  • Observed a distinct, short-duration (milliseconds) phase of significantly enhanced VHF radio emission (100x typical) in negative leaders.
  • This enhanced emission mode occurs during the initial stage of all mapped lightning flashes.
  • The enhanced mode was also observed later in some flashes, sometimes triggered twice, suggesting the presence of localized charge pockets.

Conclusions:

  • The observed enhanced radio emission is indicative of a small (approx. 5 km) high charge pocket.
  • Lightning initiation appears to occur exclusively in the vicinity of these small, dense charge pockets.
  • This finding provides new insights into the fundamental processes governing lightning discharge.