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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Sarcoidosis with Rare Extrapulmonary Involvement.

Marta Brandão Calçada¹, Sara Montezinho¹, Andreia M Teixeira¹

¹Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine

|August 11, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoidosis with bone marrow involvement is rare. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed sarcoidosis in a patient initially suspected of lymphoproliferative disease, highlighting the need for high clinical suspicion.

Keywords:

Bone marrow biopsy bone marrow sarcoidosis extrapulmonary sarcoidosis sarcoidosis

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Isolation and Characterization of Tumor-initiating Cells from Sarcoma Patient-derived Xenografts

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Published on: June 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Internal Medicine
Pathology

Background:

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with rare extrapulmonary manifestations.
Medullary involvement in sarcoidosis is an uncommon presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of sarcoidosis with extensive medullary involvement.
To emphasize the diagnostic challenges in differentiating sarcoidosis from lymphoproliferative disease.

Main Methods:

Case report of a 37-year-old male with abdominal pain.
Diagnostic workup included CT, laboratory tests, FDG-PET, and bone marrow biopsy.
Treatment involved corticosteroids.

Main Results:

CT revealed renal microlithiasis and adenopathies.
Elevated inflammatory markers, ACE, and calcium levels were noted.
FDG-PET suggested lymphoproliferative disease, but bone marrow biopsy confirmed sarcoidosis.

Conclusions:

Bone marrow biopsy is crucial for diagnosing sarcoidosis with medullary involvement, especially when differentiating from lymphoproliferative disease.
FDG-PET scans may not reliably distinguish between sarcoidosis and lymphoproliferative disease in cases of extensive organ involvement.
A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for accurate diagnosis.