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An Atypical Manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Iván Fernández-Castro¹, María-Jesús Isorna-Porto², Ignacio Novo-Veleiro¹

¹Internal Medicine Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine

|August 11, 2021

Abstract

Introduction:

Aortitis is seen in a wide variety of diseases. It was rarely found in the past but this is changing because of new imaging techniques.

Case Description:

We present the case of a 45-year-old man who was found on thyroid ultrasound to have infrarenal aortitis and pathological lymphadenopathies in different locations. After an exhaustive diagnostic process, tuberculous aortitis, an infrequent manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, was diagnosed. The condition resolved after a 6-month course of antibiotics and a 6-week course of corticosteroids.

Conclusion:

Tuberculous aortitis is an atypical manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The absence of typical symptoms and the difficulty of isolating the microorganism makes its diagnosis difficult. Therefore, clinical suspicion, microbiological tests and imaging are key for reaching the diagnosis and starting treatment for a serious disease that can cause aortic aneurysm and dissection.

Learning Points:

New imaging techniques can identify aortitis for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.The extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are diverse and include aortitis.Prompt and accurate differentiation between infectious and non-infectious causes of aortitis determines which of two very different therapeutic paths should be followed and hence the prognosis of the patient.

Keywords:

Aortitis Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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