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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Nursing Diagnosis01:22

Nursing Diagnosis

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Following assessment, a nursing diagnosis is the next step in the nursing process. It begins after the nurse has collected and recorded the patient data. The purpose of diagnosing is to identify how the client responds to actual or potential health processes, identify factors that bestow or that cause health problems, the etiologies, and identify resources or strengths the individual, group, or community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems.
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Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

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The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II01:25

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

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Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
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Nursing Implementation01:15

Nursing Implementation

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Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase.
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

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Illness scripts in nursing: Directed content analysis.

Jettie Vreugdenhil1, Donna Döpp2, Eugène J F M Custers3

  • 1Amsterdam UMC, LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Journal of Advanced Nursing
|August 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Illness script theory, used in medicine, can be extended to nursing. Expert nurses’ knowledge of patient problems is structured in scripts, which can guide clinical reasoning and education.

Keywords:
advanced practiceclinical judgementclinical reasoningdirected content analysiseducationillness scriptsnursesnursing

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Science
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Illness script theory is a cognitive model explaining how medical experts diagnose and manage patient conditions.
  • The applicability of illness script theory in nursing, particularly for expert nurses, remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the extension of illness script theory into the nursing context.
  • To identify the components of nursing illness scripts based on expert nurses' reasoning.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative interview study with expert nurses.
  • Directed content analysis of think-aloud protocols regarding 20 patient problems.
  • Quantitative analysis of script richness and maturity.

Main Results:

  • A nursing script model was proposed, extending the medical illness script with components like management, boundary, impact, occurrence, and explicative statements.
  • Expert nurses demonstrated rich knowledge of consequences, explicative statements, and management for familiar patient problems.
  • Explicative statements were frequently used when pathophysiological causes were absent or unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The knowledge of expert nurses regarding patient problems can be effectively described using scripts.
  • The proposed extended illness script model enhances the applicability of the theory within the nursing domain.
  • Understanding nursing illness scripts is crucial for developing clinical reasoning skills in student nurses and informing educational strategies.