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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Potential of Chinese Herbal Medicinal Active Dioscin in Treating IgA Nephropathy
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Complement activation in IgA nephropathy.

Nicholas R Medjeral-Thomas1, H Terence Cook2, Matthew C Pickering2

  • 1Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK. n.medjeral-thomas@imperial.ac.uk.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|August 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system significantly contributes to IgA nephropathy, a kidney disease. Understanding complement pathways is crucial for developing new IgA nephropathy treatments and biomarkers.

Keywords:
ComplementIgA nephropathyImmunologyPathology

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • IgA nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis remains poorly understood, hindering targeted therapies.
  • Complement system activation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in IgAN pathology.
  • Associations exist between IgAN severity and proteins in the alternative, lectin, and terminal complement pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of complement activity in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis.
  • To investigate mechanisms linking IgA deposition, complement activation, and kidney inflammation.
  • To highlight the potential of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for IgAN.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IgA nephropathy and complement pathways.
  • Analysis of associations between complement proteins and disease severity.
  • Examination of proposed mechanisms of complement-mediated kidney damage in IgAN.

Main Results:

  • Complement alternative, lectin, and terminal pathways are linked to IgAN severity.
  • Mechanisms connecting glomerular IgA deposition, complement activation, and inflammation are being elucidated.
  • Clinical trials of complement inhibitors are underway to assess therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Complement system activation is a critical driver of IgA nephropathy.
  • Further research into complement mechanisms is essential for improving IgAN patient management.
  • Therapeutic complement inhibition shows promise for treating IgA nephropathy.