Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

2.9K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
2.9K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.8K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.8K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.6K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.6K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.3K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.3K
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

11.0K
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
11.0K
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

3.2K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sequential Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations Generate Polymer Polymorphs.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Salt Formation as a Regioselectivity Tuning Strategy in Topochemical Polymerization: Generating Two Structurally Distinct Polymers from One Monomer.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Orthogonal Topochemical Reactions in a Single Crystal Mediated by Distinct Physical Stimuli.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A hydroxyl group dictates handedness, pitch, and mechanics in a crystalline covalent helical polymer.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Topochemical Synthesis of a Syndiotactic Polymer from a Racemic Monomer.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Topochemical Alkyne Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition for Polymer Synthesis.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same journal

Machine-Learning-Enabled Rapid Evolution of Photoenzymes for the Asymmetric Synthesis of gem-Difluorophosphonates.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Sequential H<sub>2</sub>S-Triggered Redox Relay Nanoprobes for Self-Sustained Chem-Illuminating Cascade Photodynamic Therapy.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Quantitative Active Hydrogen Modulation via Mastering Interfacial Water Over Single Rare Earth Atom on Copper for NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>-to-NH<sub>3</sub> Electroreduction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the Role of Hydroxyls on Catalyst Surface in CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation Reaction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of Carbonyl-Containing Disubstituted Bicyclobutanes: A Fortuitous Path to SF<sub>5</sub>-Containing Oxa[2.1.1]bicyclohexanes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Quantum Spin-1/2 Rings Built From [2]Triangulene Molecular Units.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.6K

Topochemical Ene-Azide Cycloaddition Reaction.

Ravichandran Khazeber1, Kana M Sureshan1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the topochemical ene-azide cycloaddition (TEAC) reaction, a green solid-state process for creating polymers. The reaction enables novel post-synthetic modifications, potentially revolutionizing polymer science.

Keywords:
aziridine-linked polymerclick chemistrysingle-crystal-to-single-crystaltopochemical reactiontriazoline-linked polymer

More Related Videos

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.4K
Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.6K
Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.4K
Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Topochemical reactions offer solvent-free, high-yielding synthesis but are limited in scope.
  • Developing new topochemical reactions is crucial for advancing green chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the topochemical ene-azide cycloaddition (TEAC) reaction.
  • To showcase its application in single-crystal-to-single-crystal polymer synthesis.
  • To explore post-synthetic modification of the resulting polymer.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a monomer with pre-organized alkene and azide groups for head-to-tail crystal packing.
  • Utilized lattice-controlled cycloaddition in the solid state.
  • Investigated thermal conversion of triazoline to aziridine for polymer modification.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the TEAC reaction in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal manner.
  • Synthesized a novel triazoline-linked polymer.
  • Achieved post-synthetic backbone modification by converting triazoline to aziridine via heating.

Conclusions:

  • The TEAC reaction is a viable and efficient green method for solid-state polymer synthesis.
  • This reaction offers a unique pathway for polymer functionalization and modification.
  • The TEAC reaction holds significant potential to advance polymer science and sustainable chemistry.