Influences on the physical activity of Syrian migrants in Germany: results of a qualitative study

Due to the ongoing Syrian conflict, Syrian migrants represent the third-largest group of immigrants in Germany. They are, therefore, potential addressees for health-promotion programs, such as physical activity (PA). Thus, this study aimed to explore the relevance of PA, how PA may change with increasing length of stay and what are the facilitators and barriers of PA in the host country. Using a longitudinal, qualitative study design, 30 semi-standardized qualitative interviews with Syrian migrants were conducted in 2018 and 17 migrants could be followed-up after 12 months in 2019 and were asked for changes in their PA-behavior. Interviews were conducted in German, English or Arabic, transcribed and translated into English if necessary. For analysis, an abbreviated version of the Grounded Theory was used. We identified three PA phases that Syrian immigrants underwent during their first years in Germany. Phase 1 includes bureaucratic matters. Health-promoting behaviors, such as PA, are not relevant. Phase 2 comprises the establishment of basic structures. PA can gain importance and (new) behaviors can be established. In Phase 3, immigrants feel under pressure to successfully complete an (academic) education in Germany. Feelings toward PA can become ambivalent. Overall, health-promoting behaviors, such as PA, are often of secondary priority and factors influencing PA are heterogeneous not only on an individual but also societal and institutional level. PA-programs should be advertised bilingually, offered low-threshold and at low cost in order to reach the target group. In addition, there is a high demand for mental health services.