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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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A near-global, high resolution land surface parameter dataset for the variable infiltration capacity model.

Jacob R Schaperow1, Dongyue Li2,3, Steven A Margulis2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA. jschap@g.ucla.edu.

Scientific Data
|August 12, 2021
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Summary

Researchers developed a global dataset of soil and vegetation parameters for the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. This dataset enables high-resolution, global hydrologic modeling, improving predictions of water and energy at the land surface.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Sciences
  • Hydrology
  • Geospatial Analysis

Background:

  • Current hydrologic models operate at coarse resolutions due to limited parameter availability.
  • Fine-scale variability in water and energy distribution is crucial for accurate land surface modeling.
  • Global-scale hydrologic modeling requires consistent, high-resolution input data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a globally consistent dataset of soil and vegetation parameters for the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model.
  • To enable high-resolution (1/16°) global hydrologic and land surface modeling.
  • To provide essential input data for researchers studying water and energy cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled globally consistent soil parameters from interpolated soil profiles.
  • Estimated vegetation parameters using space-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements.
  • Developed input files for VIC model versions (Classic and Image drivers) at 1/16° resolution.

Main Results:

  • Generated a comprehensive dataset covering 60°S to 85°N latitude.
  • Provided geographical subsetting codes for regional analysis.
  • Dataset includes all necessary land surface parameters for running the VIC model globally.

Conclusions:

  • The new dataset facilitates high-resolution global hydrologic modeling.
  • Enables improved simulation of water balance and radiation budgets.
  • Supports regional to global scale land surface process studies.