Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine

Area of Science:

• Nanobiotechnology
• Drug Delivery
• Nanomedicine

Background:

• Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles investigated as nanocarriers for drug delivery.
• Clinical translation of natural exosomes is hindered by challenges in production, isolation, drug loading, stability, and quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in artificial exosomes developed using nanobiotechnology.
• To discuss the strengths, limitations, and future perspectives of artificial exosomes as drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

• Categorization of artificial exosomes into nanovesicles (NVs), exosome-mimetic (EM), and hybrid exosomes (HEs).
• Description of fabrication strategies: top-down (NVs), bottom-up (EM), and biohybrid (HEs).

Main Results:

• Artificial exosomes are presented as viable alternatives to natural exosomes for drug delivery.
• Nanobiotechnology enables the creation of artificial exosomes to overcome natural exosome limitations.

Conclusions:

• Artificial exosomes represent a significant advancement in nanomedicine.
• The development of artificial exosomes holds substantial value for future therapeutic applications.