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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Published on: November 19, 2019

Exosomes and prostate cancer management.

V Vlaeminck-Guillem¹

¹Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052 CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Sud, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.

Seminars in Cancer Biology

|August 13, 2021

Summary

Exosomes show promise in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Urine exosome tests may reduce unnecessary biopsies, while blood exosome analysis could aid treatment decisions for metastatic disease.

Keywords:

Biomarker Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Personalized treatment Theranostic

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Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Published on: December 5, 2018

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Last Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Published on: November 19, 2019

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Published on: May 24, 2019

Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Published on: December 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Extracellular vesicles research
Cancer biology and therapeutics
Prostate cancer diagnostics

Background:

Exosomes are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer progression, as biomarkers, and potential therapeutic agents.
Prostate cancer management requires accurate diagnosis of aggressiveness, especially with active surveillance options.
Current diagnostic and prognostic tools for prostate cancer need refinement for clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current and potential applications of exosomes in prostate cancer management.
To evaluate exosome-based assays for improving prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment decisions.
To discuss the future prospects of exosome-derived biomarkers and therapies in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

Analysis of TRMPRSS2:ERG fusion and PCA3 transcripts in urine exosomes for biopsy decision-making.
Detection of androgen receptor (AR) splicing variant AR-V7 in exosomes for metastatic prostate cancer treatment selection.
Exploratory studies investigating exosome-based therapeutic strategies, including inhibition of secretion and exosome loading.

Main Results:

Urine exosome analysis (EPI assay) shows potential to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies while identifying most significant cancers.
Exosomes are being investigated as a more accessible source than circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for detecting AR-V7.
Early studies suggest exosome-based therapies, such as anticancer vaccines and drug delivery, are feasible.

Conclusions:

Exosomes hold significant potential for improving prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
Further research and clinical validation are essential to integrate exosome-based strategies into routine prostate cancer management.
Exosome-based approaches offer promising avenues for personalized medicine in prostate cancer care.