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Graded Potential

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Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...

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The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
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Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Published on: May 12, 2019

Steady-State Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potential.

Masayasu Arihara¹, Rei Enatsu¹, Satoko Ochi¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

|August 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Steady-state responses of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (SSCCEPs) offer a promising alternative to conventional CCEPs in epilepsy patients. While SSCCEPs were successfully recorded, they were more sensitive to stimulation frequency.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Clinical Electrophysiology

Background:

Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) are crucial for understanding brain networks.
Conventional CCEPs involve low-frequency stimulation, which can be time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of steady-state responses of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (SSCCEPs).
To compare SSCCEPs with conventional CCEPs in patients with focal epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Eleven patients with intractable focal epilepsy were enrolled.
Conventional CCEPs were recorded using 1-Hz stimuli.
SSCCEPs were recorded using 5-Hz stimuli and analyzed with Fast Fourier Transform.

Main Results:

SSCCEPs were successfully recorded in all patients, consistent with conventional CCEPs.
SSCCEPs proved more susceptible to disturbance from 5-Hz stimulation.
Generating SSCCEPs was challenging for very small responses.

Conclusions:

Steady-state responses of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (SSCCEPs) may serve as a viable alternative to conventional CCEPs.
Further research is needed to optimize SSCCEP recording parameters.