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People living with HIV in Nigeria adopted fewer COVID-19 preventive behaviors and experienced greater food insecurity, particularly by reducing meal sizes. Further research is needed to understand these complex associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations is crucial.
  • People living with HIV (PLWH) may face unique challenges during health crises.
  • Nigeria has a significant population of individuals living with and without HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare COVID-19 preventive behaviors and food insecurity between PLWH and those without HIV in Nigeria.
  • To identify potential disparities in risk perception and adaptive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 4471 adults in Nigeria (20.5% HIV positive).
  • Binary logistic regression analysis to assess associations between HIV status and COVID-19 behaviors/food insecurity.
  • Controlled for age, sex, COVID-19 status, and medical status.

Main Results:

  • Fewer PLWH reported positive COVID-19 tests and lower odds of practicing preventive behaviors.
  • PLWH had higher odds of cutting meal sizes (AOR: 3.18) but lower odds of being hungry (AOR: 0.24).

Conclusions:

  • HIV status is complexly associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors and food security in Nigeria.
  • Incongruities identified warrant further in-depth investigation.
  • Findings highlight the need for tailored public health interventions for PLWH.