Phloroglucinol derivatives rhotomensones A-G from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Undescribed phloroglucinol derivatives, rhotomensones A-G, and a known derivative rhodomyrtosone B, were isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Rhotomensones A-D and G have unreported structural characteristics, in which rhotomensone A substitutes a benzene ring, rhotomensones B-D are bonded with a 2-methylbutanoyl group, and rhotomensone G has two fewer carbons. The structures of these compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase of rhotomensones E and F were evaluated in vitro, with IC₅₀ values of 0.50 ± 0.14 mg/mL and 0.07 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Moreover, rhodomyrtosone B showed significant antibacterial activity against some bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 0.50 to 16.00 μg/mL.