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Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Tubular laser solitons.

Nikolay Veretenov, Sergey Fedorov, Nikolay Rosanov

|August 13, 2021

Summary

This study introduces novel 3D topological optical solitons in lasers, exhibiting unique vortex line behaviors based on cavity length. These findings advance the understanding of complex light structures in nonlinear optics.

Area of Science:

Nonlinear Optics
Laser Physics
Topological Photonics

Background:

Topological optical solitons are crucial for robust light propagation.
Understanding complex soliton dynamics in lasers with saturable absorbers is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze a new class of 3D topological optical solitons.
To investigate the influence of laser cavity length on soliton vortex line structures.
To explore polarization singularities arising from non-paraxial effects.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of optical solitons in a laser cavity.
Modeling of dissipative solitons with fast saturable absorption.
Investigation of vortex line behavior and topological charges.
Inclusion of weak non-paraxiality to study polarization singularities.

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Main Results:

A novel type of 3D topological optical soliton, intermediate between 2D and 3D, was identified.
Vortex lines in these solitons are straight for sub-critical cavity lengths and spiral for supercritical lengths.
Multiple topological charges in generating 2D solitons lead to multiple vortex lines in 3D solitons.
Weak non-paraxiality introduces polarization singularities where elliptical polarization transitions to linear.

Conclusions:

The study reveals unique structural transformations of topological optical solitons.
The findings offer insights into controlling light structures in lasers.
This work contributes to the development of advanced photonic devices.