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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
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Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
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Autoimmune atrophic gastritis in systemic sclerosis.

Deepti Avasthi1, Jean Thomas2, Leela Krishna Vamsee Miriyala3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy St Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, USA dipti312@gmail.com.

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Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) can affect the gastrointestinal tract. This case highlights the rare coexistence of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) and autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) in SSc patients.

Keywords:
gastroenterologyimmunologystomach and duodenum

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by vascular dysfunction and immune system alterations.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is common in SSc, with esophageal and gastric issues frequently observed.
  • Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a recognized gastric manifestation of SSc.

Observation:

  • Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is not typically associated with SSc.
  • This case report details a unique patient with SSc presenting with both GAVE and AIG.
  • A comprehensive literature review was performed to explore the potential link between AIG and SSc.

Findings:

  • The coexistence of GAVE and AIG in a patient with SSc is a rare clinical finding.
  • The literature review aimed to identify any previously documented associations between AIG and SSc.
  • Understanding the underlying pathology of SSc-related GI manifestations is crucial.

Implications:

  • This case suggests a potential, albeit rare, association between AIG and SSc.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms linking AIG and SSc.
  • Recognizing this rare comorbidity can aid in the diagnosis and management of SSc patients with GI involvement.