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Admixture may be extensive among hyperdominant Amazon rainforest tree species.

Drew A Larson1, Oscar M Vargas2, Alberto Vicentini3

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|August 14, 2021
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Summary

Admixture, the acquisition of novel alleles between plant species, was investigated in Amazonian Eschweilera trees. Hybridization was found in dominant species but did not erode species identities, supporting current classifications.

Keywords:
Amazon basinLecythidaceae (Brazil nut family)Parvifolia cladeadaptive introgressionhybridizationhyperdominancetarget enrichment sequencingtropical diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Botany

Background:

  • Admixture, a process where species acquire novel alleles, is a potential driver of plant diversity.
  • The role of admixture in tropical plant diversity, particularly in long-lived species, remains poorly understood.
  • The Parvifolia clade of Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) comprises widespread and abundant Amazonian tree species, making it an ideal system to study admixture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and impact of admixture within the ecologically significant Parvifolia clade of Eschweilera.
  • To determine if hybridization has contributed to the evolution of widespread and variable Amazonian tree species.
  • To assess whether admixture has led to the erosion of genetic or morphological species identities within this clade.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a detailed phylogenomic investigation using target capture sequencing.
  • Analyzed 33 species within the Parvifolia clade of Eschweilera.
  • Examined specific hypotheses of admixture within a robust phylogenetic framework.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence of admixture was found among three dominant species: Eschweilera coriacea, E. wachenheimii, and E. parviflora.
  • No significant evidence of admixture was detected among other lineages within the clade.
  • Accepted species and geographic structures within species remained largely distinguishable, indicating limited erosion of identities.

Conclusions:

  • Hybridization plays a role in the evolutionary diversification of some of the most widespread and ecologically variable Amazonian tree species.
  • Admixture in Eschweilera has not resulted in the widespread loss of genetic or morphological distinctiveness among species.
  • Current morphological-based species delimitations are effective for characterizing the lineage diversity of the Eschweilera Parvifolia clade.