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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

554
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
554
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

490
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
490
Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
3.3K
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

340
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
340
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

934
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
934
Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

487
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
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Progress in nasal drug delivery systems.

Flavia Laffleur1, Bettina Bauer1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|August 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nasal drug delivery offers an easy-to-use alternative to oral or injected medications, improving drug stability, transport, and bioavailability. This method enhances drug uptake and masks unpleasant tastes or smells for local and systemic applications.

Keywords:
ChitosanHyaluronic acidLiposomesNasal delivery

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Novel Methods for Intranasal Administration Under Inhalation Anesthesia to Evaluate Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Biopharmaceutics

Background:

  • Oral and parenteral drug administration have limitations, including difficulty swallowing, need for sterile environments, and personnel training.
  • Nasal drug delivery systems have emerged as a convenient alternative, addressing common administration challenges.
  • Recent advancements in the last five years highlight the growing importance of nasal drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of nasal drug delivery systems.
  • To explain the fundamental principles of nasal drug administration, including nasal anatomy and physiology.
  • To review various nasal drug delivery systems, their applications, and methods to enhance drug absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nasal drug delivery systems.
  • Explanation of the structure and function of the nasal cavity relevant to drug absorption.
  • Discussion of local and systemic drug applications via the nasal route.

Main Results:

  • Nasal drug delivery systems offer improved drug stabilization, transport, and physicochemical properties, such as solubility.
  • These systems enhance drug uptake and bioavailability, while masking undesirable drug characteristics like taste or odor.
  • Nasal delivery facilitates both localized and systemic therapeutic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Nasal drug delivery presents a versatile and effective alternative to traditional drug administration routes.
  • Understanding nasal physiology and employing advanced delivery systems can optimize drug absorption and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Further development in this field holds significant promise for improved patient compliance and treatment efficacy.