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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Benzoic acid complexes with Eudragit E100®: New alternative antimicrobial preservatives.

Juan José Carrascal1, Rodolfo Pinal2, Teresa Carvajal3

  • 1Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias -Departamento de Farmacia - Grupo de investigación Sistemas para liberación controlada de moléculas biológicamente activas, Carrera 30 # 45-03, Bogotá D.C, 111321, Colombia.

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Novel polyelectrolyte complexes using benzoic acid and Eudragit E100 show promise as cosmetic preservatives. These complexes exhibit effective antibacterial activity against E. coli, even at a neutral pH.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial agentBenzoic acidHot melt extrusionPolyelectrolyte complexPreservative

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Materials Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Regulatory restrictions on traditional cosmetic preservatives necessitate the development of novel alternatives.
  • Benzoic acid (BA) and Eudragit E100 are key components for creating new preservative systems.
  • Polyelectrolyte complexes offer a potential avenue for enhanced preservative efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of two polyelectrolyte complexes, EuB100 and EuB75Cl25.
  • To evaluate the potential of these complexes as alternative antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic formulations.
  • To investigate the interaction between benzoic acid and Eudragit E100 within the complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Hot melt extrusion (HME) was employed to develop the polyelectrolyte complexes.
  • Physicochemical characterization included phase diagrams, FTIR, XPS, and XRPD.
  • Antimicrobial activity and zeta potential were assessed against Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated acid-base interactions between benzoic acid and Eudragit E100.
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed protonation of nitrogen atoms in the polymer.
  • The developed complexes demonstrated satisfactory antibacterial activity against E. coli at pH 6.9, with modified zeta potential affecting bacterial membrane function.

Conclusions:

  • The polyelectrolyte complexes EuB100 and EuB75Cl25 exhibit significant potential as antimicrobial preservatives.
  • These complexes offer a broader spectrum of action and bactericidal activity against E. coli at a wider pH range compared to uncomplexed benzoic acid.
  • The findings support the use of these novel complexes as effective alternatives in cosmetic preservation.