Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 24, 2025
09:02
Characterization of Intra-Cartilage Transport Properties of Cationic Peptide Carriers
Published on: August 10, 2020
7.7K
ATP transporters in the joints
Ane Larrañaga-Vera1, Miguel Marco-Bonilla2, Raquel Largo2
1Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Purinergic Signalling
|August 15, 2021
Summary
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is crucial in joint diseases like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Connexins and pannexins regulate ATP release and are potential therapeutic targets for these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is implicated in various joint diseases.
- ATP levels are regulated by cellular transport mechanisms, primarily connexins and pannexins.
- These proteins form channels (gap junctions and hemichannels) that influence cell communication and molecule transport, including ATP.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of connexins and pannexins in extracellular ATP transport in joint diseases.
- To elucidate the regulation of these proteins and their involvement in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- To highlight connexins and pannexins as potential therapeutic targets for joint pathologies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on connexins, pannexins, and extracellular ATP in joint diseases.
- Analysis of the interplay between gap junction and hemichannel functions.
- Examination of altered connexin and pannexin expression in pathological conditions like OA and RA.
Main Results:
- Connexins and pannexins are expressed in all joint tissues and are altered in OA and RA.
- These proteins facilitate ATP transport out of cells via hemichannels.
- Altered expression and function of connexins and pannexins contribute to joint disease pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Connexins and pannexins play a significant role in regulating extracellular ATP in joint tissues.
- Modulating connexin and pannexin activity presents a promising therapeutic strategy for joint diseases.
- Further research is needed to fully understand their complex regulation and functions in OA and RA.
More Related Videos
11:20Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK
Published on: December 19, 2019
10.0K
10:46Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
Published on: July 16, 2013
16.4K
Related Concept Videos
01:42The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein
3.6K
ADP/ATP carrier or AAC protein is the most abundant carrier protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transports large quantities of ADP and ATP, equivalent to the average human body weight, every day. Among other transporters, ACC protein is one of the best-studied members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family. The ADP/ATP carrier protein comprises two transmembrane helices connected to a loop and a single alpha-helix on the matrix side. It switches between two conformational...
3.6K
01:27ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview
9.1K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
9.1K
01:14Active Transport
1.3K
Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
1.3K
01:48ATP Synthase: Mechanism
15.6K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
15.6K
01:18ATP Synthase: Structure
13.7K
ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
13.7K
01:34ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps
5.4K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
5.4K