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Psychological Distress in Patients with COVID-19 During Hospitalization

Nazmiye Yıldırım1, Hatice Dayılar Candan2, Abdurrahman Hamdi İnan3

  • 1Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Turkey.

Clinical Nursing Research
|August 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This study tracked psychological distress in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. While anxiety decreased, depression increased, with older age and chronic illness posing higher risks.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hospitalization for COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) can significantly impact patients' mental health.
  • Understanding psychological distress changes during hospitalization is crucial for patient care.
  • Identifying risk factors for psychological distress can inform targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the evolution of psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
  • To identify patient characteristics associated with an increased risk of psychological distress during hospitalization.
  • To provide evidence for the necessity of psychological support in COVID-19 patient management.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 76 patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • Psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at three time points: admission (t0), day 6 (t1), and near discharge (t2).
  • Statistical analysis was performed to determine changes in distress levels and identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of anxiety decreased from 22.4% at t0 to 9.2% at t2.
  • The prevalence of depression increased from 36.8% at t0 to 43.4% at t2.
  • Anxiety levels significantly decreased, while depression levels significantly increased during hospitalization (p < .001).
  • Increased age, presence of chronic physical disease, and having a COVID-19-positive relative were identified as risk factors for psychological distress (p < .05).

Conclusions:

  • Psychological distress, particularly depression, requires ongoing attention in COVID-19 patients throughout their hospital stay.
  • Specific patient groups, including older individuals, those with chronic conditions, and those with family members affected by COVID-19, are at higher risk.
  • Early assessment and intervention for psychological distress are essential components of comprehensive care for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19anxietydepressionpandemicpsychological distressquantitative

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