Consensus of second-order heterogeneous multi-agent systems with and without input saturation
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Updated: Oct 24, 2025

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
Published on: January 19, 2019
Mengyao Lu1, Jie Wu1, Xisheng Zhan1
1College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China.
Abstract:
This paper seeks to investigate the consensus issue of heterogeneous multi-agent system formed by second-order linear and nonlinear agents. An input saturated algorithm and an input unsaturated algorithm are proposed respectively for the heterogeneous system. Through applications of graph theory, Lyapunov technique, Lasalle's invariance principle as well as other mathematical methods, it turns out that every agent of the heterogeneous system will be guaranteed to achieve consensus if some conditions are satisfied. Finally, some detailed simulation examples are utilized to verify our conclusion.
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