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A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
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Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring
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Leaf Epidermis: The Ambiguous Symplastic Domain.

Olga V Voitsekhovskaja1,2, Anna N Melnikova1,3, Kirill N Demchenko1

  • 1Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|August 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secondary plasmodesmata (PD) are crucial for plant symplastic domains. This study found symplastic loaders have more PD between leaf epidermis and mesophyll, suggesting these tissues form a single symplastic domain for sugar transport.

Keywords:
Alonsoa meridionalisAsarina barclaianaHordeum vulgareSolanum tuberosumleaf epidermisphloem loading modesecondary plasmodesmatasingle cell sampling

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Secondary plasmodesmata (PD) are vital for creating symplastic domains within plants.
  • The developmental regulation of secondary PD formation is not fully understood.
  • In flowering plants, secondary PD typically form between cells of different lineages, such as in shoot apices and leaf tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if secondary PD formation is upregulated in "symplastic" phloem loaders compared to "apoplastic" loaders.
  • To compare the distribution of PD in leaves and shoot apices of symplastic and apoplastic loader species.
  • To correlate sugar allocation with PD abundance at the leaf epidermis and mesophyll boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of PD distribution in leaves and shoot apices of two symplastic loaders (Alonsoa meridionalis, Asarina barclaiana) and two apoplastic loaders (Solanum tuberosum, Hordeum vulgare).
  • Immunolabeling of PD-specific proteins to visualize PD.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for detailed ultrastructural analysis.
  • Single-cell sampling to assess sugar allocation and its relationship to PD density.

Main Results:

  • PD distribution in leaf lamina and meristem layers was similar across all species, except within vascular tissues.
  • Aplastic loaders exhibited significantly fewer PD at epidermis/epidermis and mesophyll/epidermis boundaries compared to symplastic loaders.
  • Symplastic loaders showed sugar accumulation in the leaf epidermis, indicating import from the mesophyll via PD.

Conclusions:

  • Secondary PD formation is differentially regulated between symplastic and apoplastic phloem loaders at the epidermis-mesophyll interface.
  • The leaf epidermis and mesophyll likely function as a unified symplastic domain in symplastic loader species like Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana.
  • This enhanced connectivity facilitates efficient sugar transport within the leaf.