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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
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Current concepts in elbow fracture dislocation.

Adam C Watts1, Jagwant Singh2, Michael Elvey3

  • 1Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK.

Shoulder & Elbow
|August 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elbow fracture dislocations are complex. A new three-column concept classification system offers a comprehensive approach to understanding these injuries and guides treatment algorithms for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Elbow fracture dislocationelbow instabilitymanagement

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Traumatology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Elbow fracture dislocations present significant challenges in surgical management.
  • Existing classification systems lack comprehensiveness, failing to address all injury elements and patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current elbow fracture dislocation classifications.
  • To introduce and describe the three-column concept for classifying these injuries.
  • To present a new comprehensive classification system and management algorithm.

Main Methods:

  • Review of commonly used elbow fracture dislocation classifications.
  • Description of the three-column concept.
  • Application of the concept to recognized injury patterns and management literature.

Main Results:

  • Current systems inadequately classify the complexity of elbow fracture dislocations.
  • A novel classification system based on the three-column concept is proposed.
  • A management algorithm is suggested for each injury pattern.

Conclusions:

  • The three-column concept enhances understanding of elbow fracture dislocation patterns.
  • This concept facilitates a comprehensive classification system.
  • Algorithms derived from this concept can guide treatment decisions.