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Tyrosol-Derived Biodegradable Inks with Tunable Properties for 3D Printing.

Jarrod Cohen1, Cemile Kilic Bektas1, Andrew Mullaghy1

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Summary

New biodegradable tyrosol-based polymers were developed as inks for 3D printing using fused deposition modeling (FDM). These materials offer tunable properties and can be chemically modified for enhanced post-print curing, advancing personalized medicine applications.

Keywords:
3D printingbiodegradabledirect ink writingpolymerthiol−ene click chemistrytyrosol

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly utilized in medicine, necessitating novel polymer materials with tailored properties.
  • Tyrosol-based polycarbonates and polyesters are recognized for their tunable characteristics, non-acidic degradation, and functionalization potential, making them suitable for biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tyrosol-based poly(ester-arylate)s as biodegradable inks for fused deposition modeling (FDM).
  • To explore the relationship between polymer chemical structure, molecular weight, thermal properties, and printability.
  • To enhance material properties through post-print curing using thiol-alkene click chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tyrosol-based poly(ester-arylate)s via polycondensation of a custom diphenol and diacids.
  • Evaluation of thermal properties, degradation rates, and mechanical characteristics of the synthesized polymers.
  • Assessment of printability using FDM, correlating material properties with printing performance.
  • Incorporation of thiol-alkene click chemistry for post-print curing of printed scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Printability was achieved with polymers exhibiting lower processing temperatures and molecular weights; higher molecular weights (>50 kDa) often led to thermal degradation or viscosity issues during printing.
  • An exception was pHTy6, printable at 65 kDa with minimal degradation due to its low melting and printing temperatures.
  • Post-print curing via thiol-alkene click chemistry successfully enhanced scaffold toughness, with longer curing times yielding improved mechanical properties.

Conclusions:

  • Tyrosol-based poly(ester-arylate)s can be developed into printable biodegradable inks for FDM applications in personalized medicine.
  • Careful selection of diphenol, diacid, molecular weight, and thermal properties is crucial for successful 3D printing.
  • Thiol-alkene click chemistry offers a viable strategy for post-print modification and property enhancement of 3D-printed constructs.