Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

3.3K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
3.3K
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

744
The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
744
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

2.0K
During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
2.0K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

1.8K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
1.8K
Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

931
During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
931
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

1.9K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disconnection Between Self-Reported Wellbeing and Heart Rate Variability from Wearables.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Burns results in profound muscle protein wasting in Sprague Dawley rats that is not resolved using the lipolysis inhibitor, acipimox.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Physical inactivity causes exercise resistance of fat metabolism: harbinger or culprit of disease?

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Cardiovascular responses to hot skin at rest and during exercise.

Temperature (Austin, Tex.)·2023
Same author

Response.

Exercise and sport sciences reviews·2022
Same author

Effects of short sprint interval training on aerobic and anaerobic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2022
Same journal

Lower-Body Strength, Lean Mass, and Bone Mineral Density Across the Adult Lifespan: Age- and Sex-Related Associations.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Age-Related Decline in Kidney Function among Individuals with Preserved Kidney Health: The Aging Kidney Study.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

Objectively Measured Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Older Adults: Evidence from the Generation 100 Study.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

The Effects of Eight-Week Traditional Aerobic Exercise and Exergaming on Dual-Task Performance and Prefrontal Cortex Activation in Older Adults.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

The Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cytotoxic T Cell Metabolism and Function.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

Female Athletes Through the Lifespan: Clinical Considerations and a Call for Comprehensive Sports Medicine Healthcare.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice
09:19

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice

Published on: February 2, 2019

10.1K

Background Inactivity Blunts Metabolic Adaptations to Intense Short-Term Training.

Heath M Burton1, Anthony S Wolfe, Emre Vardarli

  • 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|August 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing daily steps significantly blunts cardiometabolic adaptations to intense aerobic training, particularly fat metabolism and blood lactate. Maintaining higher daily activity levels is crucial for maximizing training benefits.

More Related Videos

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

12.8K
Author Spotlight: Illuminating New Avenues for Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Disease Prevention
02:55

Author Spotlight: Illuminating New Avenues for Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Disease Prevention

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice
09:19

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice

Published on: February 2, 2019

10.1K
Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

12.8K
Author Spotlight: Illuminating New Avenues for Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Disease Prevention
02:55

Author Spotlight: Illuminating New Avenues for Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Disease Prevention

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Metabolic Adaptation
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Physical inactivity is a growing public health concern.
  • Understanding how background activity levels influence exercise training adaptations is important.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the impact of daily step count on training responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if background physical inactivity (steps per day) affects acute and short-term adaptations to intense aerobic training.
  • To compare the metabolic and cardiovascular responses to a standardized training program in individuals with low versus high daily step counts.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen untrained participants were divided into low step (approx. 5000 steps/day) and high step (approx. 16,000 steps/day) groups.
  • Both groups underwent an intense short-term aerobic training program (5 sessions over 9 days).
  • Metabolic responses (plasma triglycerides, fat oxidation) and exercise stress markers (heart rate, blood lactate) were assessed before and after training.

Main Results:

  • The high step group showed significant improvements in postprandial fat metabolism and reduced exercise stress markers after training.
  • The low step group did not exhibit significant improvements in these metabolic or stress markers despite completing the same training.
  • Both groups achieved a similar 7% increase in maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak).

Conclusions:

  • Lowering daily background steps significantly impairs cardiometabolic adaptations to intense aerobic training.
  • Metabolic adaptations, such as fat oxidation and blood lactate clearance, appear more sensitive to reduced daily activity than cardiovascular adaptations like V˙O2peak.
  • Individuals aiming to maximize training benefits should maintain adequate daily physical activity levels.