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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method.

Xin Luo¹, Yiru Hu¹, Runhua Wang¹

¹Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove

|August 16, 2021

Summary

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-assisted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment. This study compared fMRI-guided targeting to the standard 5-cm rule for rTMS in MDD patients.

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Last Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Medical Imaging

Background:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment requires improved clinical efficacy.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique for MDD.
Individual variability in rTMS response may stem from inaccurate target positioning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-assisted positioning enhances rTMS efficacy for depression.
To compare fMRI-guided targeting with the traditional 5-cm rule for rTMS in MDD.
To identify and stimulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) subregion with the strongest anti-correlation to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) in MDD patients.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a neuronavigation system for precise stimulation delivery.
Applying both fMRI-assisted individualized targeting and the standard 5-cm rule.
Identifying the DLPFC subregion showing maximal resting-state functional connectivity anti-correlation with the sgACC.

Main Results:

The study aimed to demonstrate superior clinical efficacy of fMRI-assisted rTMS compared to the 5-cm rule.
Individualized targeting based on resting-state functional connectivity was hypothesized to yield better outcomes.
Comparative investigation of the novel fMRI-assisted method versus the traditional 5-cm rule was conducted.

Conclusions:

fMRI-assisted individualized targeting may offer enhanced clinical efficacy for rTMS in MDD treatment.
Precise targeting based on functional connectivity could overcome limitations of conventional methods.
This approach holds promise for revolutionizing MDD treatment through personalized neuromodulation.