Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Preconception counselling components in women with serious mental illness: a scoping review.

Journal of reproductive and infant psychology·2026

Same author

Lorazepam during breastfeeding: a pharmacokinetic case report and exploratory pharmacovigilance assessment - a contribution from the ConcePTION project.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026

Same author

How to Replace the TQT Study-The Use of Concentration-QTc Modeling to Exclude a Small Effect of a Novel Drug on QT Interval: Historical Perspective and Implementation.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026

Same author

Time-dependent pattern of liver injury biomarkers in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.

European journal of pediatrics·2026

Same author

Neonatal PBPK model of midazolam and its metabolites for perinatal asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia.

British journal of clinical pharmacology·2026

Same author

Challenges during clinical lactation studies investigating medicines exposure: experiences from the UmbrelLACT study - a contribution from the ConcePTION project.

BMJ paediatrics open·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: October 15, 2017

Model-Based Approach for Optimizing Ceftobiprole Dosage in Pediatric Patients.

Christopher M Rubino¹, Anthony P Cammarata¹, Anne Smits^2,3

¹Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc., Schenectady, New York, USA.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

|August 16, 2021

Summary

This study developed a pharmacokinetic model for ceftobiprole in pediatric patients to optimize dosing for pneumonia treatment. Recommended doses ensure adult-like exposure and effective treatment across different pediatric age groups.

Keywords:

ceftobiprole cephalosporin pediatric patients pharmacokinetics population pharmacokinetics

More Related Videos

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Published on: July 24, 2021

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 24, 2025

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: October 15, 2017

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Published on: July 24, 2021

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Pediatric Medicine
Pharmacokinetics

Background:

Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Effective dosing in pediatric populations requires careful consideration of pharmacokinetic variability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for ceftobiprole in pediatric patients.
To use model-based simulations to optimize ceftobiprole dosage for treating pediatric pneumonia.

Main Methods:

A population PK model was developed using data from 107 pediatric patients (0-17 years).
The model described ceftobiprole disposition using a three-compartment model with linear elimination.
Clearance was modeled as a function of glomerular filtration rate; other parameters were weight-scaled.

Main Results:

The population PK model robustly described ceftobiprole disposition in pediatric patients.
Simulations suggested a 15 mg/kg dose every 12 or 8 hours for most pediatric patients to achieve adult-like exposure.
Lower doses (10 mg/kg every 12 hours) are recommended for neonates/infants <3 months and <4 kg.

Conclusions:

The developed population PK model provides a reliable basis for ceftobiprole dosing in pediatric patients.
Optimized dosing regimens are proposed to ensure pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment for pediatric pneumonia treatment.
Adjusted dosing is necessary for younger infants, low-weight neonates, and pediatric patients with renal impairment.