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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

44.7K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
44.7K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

25.3K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
25.3K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

562
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
562
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

82.7K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
82.7K

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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Stable Anion-Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium Metal Batteries.

Tao Li1,2, Xue-Qiang Zhang3,4, Nan Yao1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a stable anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for high-energy lithium metal batteries. Using anion receptors like tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) improved Li deposition uniformity and battery cycle life.

Keywords:
anion receptoranion-derived solid electrolyte interphaseelectrolyte structurelithium metal batteriestris(pentafluorophenyl) borane

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • High-energy lithium metal batteries face challenges from dendritic lithium deposition due to non-uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.
  • Anion-derived SEI offers advantages for uniform lithium deposition but often performs poorly under practical conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a stable anion-derived SEI by regulating electrolyte anion structure using anion receptors.
  • To enhance the stability and performance of lithium metal batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) as an anion receptor to interact with bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-) anions.
  • Investigated the effect of TPFPB on FSI- reduction stability and aggregate cluster structure in the electrolyte.
  • Analyzed the decomposition pathway of FSI- to form lithium sulfide (Li2S).

Main Results:

  • TPFPB decreased FSI- reduction stability and altered FSI- aggregate structures, promoting interaction with more Li ions.
  • The decomposition of FSI- to Li2S was enhanced, leading to a more stable anion-derived SEI.
  • In Li | LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 batteries, the TPFPB-modified SEI achieved 194 cycles, compared to 98 cycles for the routine SEI.

Conclusions:

  • Regulating electrolyte anion structure with anion receptors is a viable strategy for constructing stable anion-derived SEI.
  • This approach significantly improves the cycle life of lithium metal batteries under practical conditions.
  • The findings offer a new direction for developing advanced SEI layers in next-generation batteries.