Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

1.6K
Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
1.6K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

3.1K
Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
3.1K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

1.9K
Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
1.9K
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

431
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
431
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

2.8K
Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
2.8K
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Drugs01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Drugs

499
A drug's physicochemical properties fundamentally influence its metabolism. For instance, a drug's molecular size and shape critically determine its interaction with enzymes and transporters — larger drugs may face difficulty reaching enzyme active sites, altering their metabolic pathways. The pKa of a drug, which establishes its ionization state, can impact its solubility and absorption, thereby influencing metabolism.
The drug's acidity or basicity is essential in...
499

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Drying kinetics and quality changes of Polygonati Rhizoma processed by nine cycles of steaming and sun-drying under different drying temperatures based on LF-NMR/MRI].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same author

Effects of chemical fertilization on bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of sugarcane.

PloS one·2025
Same author

[Research progress on pharmacological effects and mechanism of α-asarone and β-asarone in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2025
Same author

[Electronic nose, HS-GC-MS, and relative odor activity value reveal odor differences and material basis of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma products processed with different methods].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2024
Same author

Two undescribed steroids from <i>Munronia pinnata</i> (Wall.) W. Theob.

Natural product research·2023
Same author

Correlations between flavor and fermentation days and changes in quality-related physiochemical characteristics of fermented Aurantii Fructus.

Food chemistry·2023
Same journal

[Research status and comprehensive evaluation strategies for quality uniformity of Chinese patent medicines].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Clinical research evidence map analysis of TCM in treatment of unstable angina pectoris in elderly patients].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Diagnostic criteria for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in male infertility].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Study on metabolism and excretion of Yanlishuang Oral Dripping Pills in rat bile, feces, and urine based on chromatography-mass spectrometry technology].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Effect and mechanism of Ligustrum robustum extract in intervening in lipid metabolism pathways to reduce lipid levels in hyperlipidemic mice].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same journal

[Metabolomics and metagenomics reveal mechanism of Xinglou Chengqi Decoction in preventing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Preparation of Gynura bicolor DC samples for High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry
07:16

Preparation of Gynura bicolor DC samples for High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Published on: February 2, 2024

748

[Processing evolution,chemical components and pharmacological effects of Bufonis Venenum].

Jin-Qin Ying1, Ming Yang1, Pu-Zhao Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ministry of Education,School of Pharmacy,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China.

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
|August 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bufonis Venenum, a toxic toad secretion, has been processed for centuries to relieve pain and swelling. Modern research confirms its antitumor, cardiac, and analgesic properties, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Bufonis Venenumchemical componentspharmacological effectsprocessing evolutionprocessing methodstoxicity

More Related Videos

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.0K
Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays
08:03

Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays

Published on: March 7, 2025

746

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Preparation of Gynura bicolor DC samples for High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry
07:16

Preparation of Gynura bicolor DC samples for High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Published on: February 2, 2024

748
Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.0K
Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays
08:03

Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays

Published on: March 7, 2025

746

Area of Science:

  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Bufonis Venenum, derived from toad secretions, possesses historical medicinal uses for detumescence and pain relief.
  • Processing methods for Bufonis Venenum, including wine, milk, talcum powder, baking, calcining, water-soaking, and vinegar, date back to the Song dynasty.
  • Modern analysis reveals Bufonis Venenum contains bufadienolides, indole alkaloids, and sterols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical processing evolution of Bufonis Venenum.
  • To outline the key chemical constituents of Bufonis Venenum.
  • To summarize the pharmacological effects and modern research applications of Bufonis Venenum.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical texts on Bufonis Venenum processing.
  • Analysis of modern scientific studies on Bufonis Venenum chemical composition.
  • Compilation of research on the pharmacological activities of Bufonis Venenum.

Main Results:

  • Bufonis Venenum processing has evolved significantly over centuries, with diverse ancient and modern techniques.
  • Key chemical components include bufadienolides, indole alkaloids, and sterols, contributing to its bioactivity.
  • Pharmacological effects encompass antitumor, cardiac, antibacterial, analgesic, and local anesthetic activities.

Conclusions:

  • Bufonis Venenum exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Understanding its processing history and chemical makeup is crucial for modern research and quality control.
  • This review provides a foundation for further investigation into Bufonis Venenum's mechanisms and applications.