Mechanistic links between systemic hypertension and open angle glaucoma

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Cardiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Systemic hypertension (high blood pressure) is a prevalent chronic, age-related disease globally.
• Hypertension, defined as sustained blood pressure >140/90 mmHg, increases risks of stroke and heart attack.
• Hypertension is associated with multiple ocular diseases, including cataract, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the link between systemic hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.
• To discuss the potential role of blood pressure in the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma.
• To examine the impact of both high and low blood pressure on glaucoma risk.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing scientific literature linking hypertension and ocular diseases.
• Analysis of studies investigating the association between blood pressure levels and open-angle glaucoma.
• Discussion of proposed pathogenic mechanisms, including intraocular pressure, ocular blood flow, and inflammation.

Main Results:

• Systemic hypertension is a recognized risk factor for open-angle glaucoma.
• Both extremely high and extremely low blood pressure readings are associated with an elevated risk of open-angle glaucoma.
• Altered intraocular pressure and/or ocular blood flow are implicated in hypertension's role in glaucoma pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Systemic hypertension is a critical risk factor for open-angle glaucoma.
• The relationship between blood pressure and glaucoma is complex, with both extremes posing risks.
• Inflammation may be an additional factor contributing to the development and progression of both hypertension and glaucoma.