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The meaning of emotion words in language is not static; it evolves over time. More central emotion concepts show greater semantic stability, while less central ones change more rapidly.

Keywords:
EmotionPrototype theorySemantic changeSemantic stabilityWord embedding

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Human language allows for the communication of abstract emotional concepts.
  • Shared understanding of emotion words suggests semantic stability, but this may be an oversimplification.
  • Historical text corpora offer a window into the evolving meanings of words over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate semantic change in emotion words over the past century.
  • To determine if a concept's prototypicality influences its rate of semantic change.
  • To explore the category-specificity of semantic change predictors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized natural language processing (NLP) techniques on historical text corpora.
  • Employed text-based word embeddings to analyze semantic shifts.
  • Correlated semantic change rates with emotion concept prototypicality, word usage frequency, and data from a comparison language (French).

Main Results:

  • Evidence of significant semantic change in emotion words over the last 100 years was found.
  • Higher prototypicality of an emotion concept was associated with slower rates of semantic change.
  • The effect of prototypicality on semantic stability was specific to the emotion category and not consistently observed in the semantic category of birds.

Conclusions:

  • Emotion semantics are dynamic and evolve throughout history.
  • Prototypical emotion concepts exhibit greater semantic stability compared to less prototypical ones.
  • The factors influencing semantic change may be dependent on the conceptual category being studied.