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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: March 11, 2021
Tonal and orthographic analysis in a Cantonese-speaking individual with nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary
Boon Lead Tee1,2,3,4, Jessica Deleon1,2, Lorinda Kwan Chen Li Ying5
1Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Abstract:
Clinical understanding of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has been established based on English-speaking population. The lack of linguistic diversity in research hinders the diagnosis of PPA in non-English speaking patients. This case report describes the tonal and orthographic deficits of a multilingual native Cantonese-speaking woman with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA) and progressive supranuclear palsy. Our findings suggest that Cantonese-speaking nfvPPA patients exhibit tone production impairments, tone perception deficits at the lexical selection processing, and linguistic dysgraphia errors unique to logographic script writer. These findings suggest that linguistic tailored approaches offer novel and effective tools in identifying non-English speaking PPA individuals.
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